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Teens Who Are Constantly On Their Phones May Be At Risk of ADHD 青少年常用手機可能有ADHD風險

新聞辭典

1. develop：動詞，患上／逐漸形成（疾病）。例句：In general, women are more likely to develop breast cancer.（一般而言，女性更易罹患乳癌。）
2. restlessness：名詞，躁動，心神不定，煩亂不安。例句：Waiting gave him a feeling of restlessness.（等待讓他煩躁不安。）
3. prevalence：名詞，流行，盛行。例句：The disease’s prevalence is increasing compared to other diseases.（相較於其他疾病，這種病的流行率不斷增加。）

Teens who spend lots of time surfing the web, playing games and chatting with friends on smartphones and tablets may be more likely to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, a U.S. study suggests. 一項美國研究指出，青少年花大量時間瀏覽網路，在智慧型手機和平板電腦上玩遊戲、與朋友聊天，也許更有可能出現注意力不足過動症（ADHD）症狀。

The study involved 2,587 students in 10 high schools across Los Angeles County. The students had no significant symptoms of ADHD at the study’s start. During the two years of the study, the researchers surveyed the teens and asked them about the frequency of their participation in 14 different kinds of online activities. 這份研究含括洛杉磯郡10所高中的2587名學生。在研究開始時，學生並無明顯的ADHD症狀。在2年研究期間，研究人員調查這些青少年，詢問他們參與14種不同線上活動的頻率。

About half of the students said they check social media sites and text many times every day. The study found that teens who were high-frequency users of seven or 14 digital media platforms were more than twice as likely to develop ADHD symptoms than teens who did not use any media platform at a high-frequency rate. 約半數學生表示，他們每天瀏覽社群媒體網站及傳簡訊多次。研究發現，相較於未高度使用任何媒體平台的青少年，高頻率使用7或14種數位媒體平台的青少年，出現ADHD症狀的機率高出逾2倍。

ADHD symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, restlessness or impulsivity. The disorder, which is more common in boys than girls, affects about 5% of all children in the United States. The prevalence of ADHD has been estimated at 5% worldwide, as well. ADHD症狀包括漫不經心、活動亢進、煩亂不安或衝動等。這種疾病影響全美國約5%的兒童，男孩又比女孩更可能罹患這種疾病。據估計，ADHD的全球流行率也是5%。

Best dads of the animal kingdom 動物界暖男：海馬、企鵝最爸氣

Today is August 8th — Father’s Day in Taiwan. August 8 was chosen for Father’s Day because the pronunciation of “eight-eight” in Mandarin Chinese is “ba-ba,” a homonym of “papa.” On Father’s Day, people take the opportunity to express their gratitude for their father’s hard work. The animal kingdom has its own stand-out dads, too. 今天是八月八日，是台灣的父親節。之所以選擇這天為父親節，是因為中文「八八」是「爸爸」的諧音。為人子女常在父親節表達對父親的感恩，但你知道嗎，在動物界也有堪稱模範父親的好爸爸呢！

For many animals, childbearing and rearing are left to the females — for some species, the males even disappear soon after mating. But there are exceptions, such as the seahorses that wear the twin hats of both the father and mother and emperor penguins that share responsibility for childcare. 多數動物是由雌性擔任育兒工作，有些動物的雄性甚至在雌性懷孕後，就不見蹤影。但是也有例外，例如父兼母職的海馬，以及共同分擔育兒責任的皇帝企鵝。

The reproduction of seahorses is particularly striking because the seahorses are “borne” by the males — female seahorses leave their unfertilized eggs in special pouches on the males. After two to three weeks of “pregnancy,” the males give birth to baby seahorses that hatch and grow in the pouches. The number of babies pushed out can reach more than a thousand. Seahorses are ovoviviparous fish. 海馬的生殖方式特別引人注目，因為海馬是由爸爸來「懷孕」──母海馬將卵產在雄海馬腹中之育兒袋（孵卵囊），海馬爸爸便在接下來二至三週挺著大肚子，然後辛苦生下孵化的海馬寶寶──剛出生的小海馬數量可達千隻以上。海馬是屬於卵胎生魚類。

To hatch the egg, emperor penguins have to endure sub-zero temperatures, during which time they must also fast. From May to June each year, the emperor penguin mother will lay an egg — only one at a time. By this time the mother’s nutritional reserves are exhausted and she has to go back to the sea for food. The father balances the egg on the top of his feet, incubating the egg in his brood pouch, keeping it at a comfortable temperature of 36 degrees Celsius in the freezing environment, with temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. During the incubation period which lasts for about 65 consecutive days, the males do not eat, spending most time in sleep, surviving on the fat stored in their bodies. 皇帝企鵝爸爸為了孵蛋，會忍受零度以下低溫，並且禁食。在每年五至六月，皇帝企鵝媽媽會產下一顆蛋（一次只生一顆）──此時母企鵝身體儲存的能量消耗殆盡，必須返回大海覓食。在這段期間，雄企鵝把蛋放在腳掌上，用雙腿和腹部下方之間的育兒袋包覆，讓蛋在環境溫度低達攝氏零下四十度的低溫中，保持在舒適的攝氏三十六度。在約六十五天的孵化期間，雄企鵝不吃不喝，多在睡眠中度過，仰賴體中儲存的脂肪度日。

The mother returns after feeding in the sea for about two months. She can find her own partner among the hundreds of new dads by recognizing his vocal call, and feeds the chick by regurgitating the food that she has stored in her stomach. Then it is the father’s turn to leave and feed himself in the sea. 企鵝媽媽出海約兩個月後，便會返回。牠能在數以百計的新爸爸中，透過叫聲找到自己的伴侶，然後反芻吐出儲存在胃裡的食物來餵小企鵝。這時，就輪到企鵝爸爸離開，到大海去捕食了。

(Lin Lee-kai, Taipei Times) （台北時報林俐凱）