Brain waves of concertgoers sync up at shows 音樂會表演期間，觀眾的腦波會同步

新聞辭典

1. synchronize：動詞，同步。例句：The film does not synchronize with sound.（這部電影的畫面和聲音不同步。）
2. social：形容詞，社會的、社會性的、社交的、群居的。例句：Music is a way to have social participation.（音樂是一種社會參與的方式
3. electroencephalography（EEG）：名詞，腦波圖、腦電圖。例句：Delta waves are oscillations that predominate in the 1- to 4-Hz range and are commonly referred to as slow wave activity in the EEG.（δ波的主要振盪頻率範圍落在1赫茲至4赫茲之間，在腦電圖中一般被稱為慢波活動。）

When people watch live music together, their brains waves synchronize, and this brain bonding is linked with having a better time. The new findings, reported March 27 at a Cognitive Neuroscience Society meeting, are a reminder that humans are social creatures. 人們一起觀賞現場音樂會時，腦波會同步，而這種大腦聯繫也關係到觀眾能否度過歡樂時光。3月27日在「認知神經科學學會」大會上提出的這項新發現，點出「人類是社會性動物」的本質。

Study participants were split into groups of 20 and experienced music in one of three ways. Some watched a live concert with a large audience, some watched a recording of the concert with a large audience, and some watched the recording with only a few other people. Each person wore EEG caps, headwear covered with electrodes that measure the collective behavior of the brain’s nerve cells. The musicians played an original song they wrote for the study.研究參與者以20人為一組，透過3種不同方式體驗音樂會。有些和一大群人一起觀賞現場音樂會，有些和一大群人一起觀賞預錄音樂會，有些則只和幾個人一起觀看錄影帶。每位受試者都會配戴腦波帽，那是一種被電極覆蓋的帽子，可監測及蒐集腦神經元的集體行為。音樂家演奏的則是他們為該實驗創作的一首原創歌曲。

The delta brain waves of audience members who watched the music live were more synchronized than those of people in the other two groups. Delta brainwaves fall in a frequency range that roughly corresponds to the beat of the music, suggesting that beat drives the synchronicity, said neuroscientist Molly Henry of Western University in London, Canada. The more synchronized a particular audience member was with others, the more he or she reported feeling connected to the performers and enjoying the show. 觀賞現場音樂會的觀眾，德爾塔腦波（δ波）比其他2組受試者更為同步。加拿大倫敦市西安大略大學神經科學家莫莉．亨立表示，德爾塔腦波進入同步的頻率範圍，大致符合音樂的節拍，顯示節拍可驅動腦波同步性。而觀眾和其他人的腦波同步性愈高，他或她愈能感覺與表演者心有靈犀、享受這場表演。

Living with a volcano means dealing with its goddess 與火山共存之道 與火山女神打交道

Vocabulary:

1. relentless
2. legendary
3. phenomenon
4. lava
5. devastating

During one of his daily briefings about the relentless eruptions of the Kilauea volcano recently, Hawaii County Mayor Harry Kim noted the day had brought no eruptions, no lava, no ashfalls. “Pele has given the grace of quiet to us today,” Kim told residents, both native Hawaiians and those who moved there from abroad. He took it for granted they all knew he was talking about the legendary goddess that lives in the Halemaumau crater of Kilauea, which has been almost continuously active since 1983.

Living under one of the world’s most active volcanoes means learning to live with a fickle force of nature, personified by Pele. Pele oversees “any and all volcanic phenomenon: lava flow, steam, fumes, earthquakes,” says Bobby Camara, a retired Park Ranger at the vast Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. “She is the reason we are here. She made Hawaii,” he says, referring to the fact the Hawaii Islands were formed from undersea volcanic eruptions.

Paintings of her typically portray a women with long, flowing hair in the shape of a volcano, hands cupping a ball of fire or dressed in a fiery garment. A homage to Pele is usually featured in Hula dance performances on the Big Island.

Residents of Leilani Gardens, who were evacuated after lava fountains erupted from several fissures there, have placed offerings of flowers and ti leaves, used to make Leis, on the oozing lava flows.

They are allowed back into the neighborhood to check on their homes for a period each day. For some, it’s also a chance to watch the pyrotechnic eruptions. “This is my second experience of an amazing display of Pele’s power,” says Hannique Ruder, 65, “It’s devastating and beautiful at the same time. We’re all in fear of her power, and yet you have to see the creative force at work here as well.”

Glenn Canon, 61, a retired respiratory therapist, and his wife were also among those evacuated from Leilani Gardens. “We don’t want to leave. We settled in for our retirement and planned to stay right there. It looks like Madame Pele has other plans for us. This is her land and when she wants it back, she’ll take it from us.”

(Reuters)

夏威夷郡首長哈利金，最近在一次關於幾勞亞火山持續噴發的每日簡報中，指出當天火山並沒有噴發、沒有新的熔岩湧出，也沒有降下火山灰。他告訴包括夏威夷原住民與外來移民在內的當地居民：「佩蕾今日賜予我們一份寧靜的恩典。」哈利金理所當然地認為，居民都知道他說的就是那位傳說中住在幾勞亞哈雷茂茂火山口裡的女神。從一九八三年至今，幾勞亞火山活動幾乎不曾停過。

在世界最活躍的一座火山下生活，意味著必須學習如何和大自然無常的力量──被擬人化的佩蕾──和平共處。曾在廣闊的夏威夷火山國家公園服務的退休公園巡守員巴比‧卡馬拉說，佩蕾掌管「所有的火山現象：熔岩流、蒸氣、煙霧、地震」。他說：「佩蕾女神是我們今天存在這裡的原因。她創造了夏威夷」，意指夏威夷群島形成自海面下火山噴發的事實。

以她為主題的畫作通常描繪一位女性，具流動感的長髮構成一座火山的形狀，雙掌捧著一顆火球，或穿著火焰般的服飾。夏威夷大島的草裙舞表演也經常對佩蕾女神致敬。

在熔岩從當地數道裂縫噴發出來後遭到撤離的雷拉尼莊園居民，在滲出的熔岩流上擺放以往用於製作花環的花朵與朱蕉葉，作為供品。

每天有一段時間，這些居民會獲准返回住家附近，確認家園安危。對其中一些人來說，這也是觀賞熔岩宛如煙花般噴發的大好機會。六十五歲的韓妮柯‧魯德說：「這是我第二次體驗到佩蕾令人驚嘆的力量展現。」她表示：「這既令人震撼卻又美不勝收。我們所有人都敬畏她的力量，但你也必須正視在此運作的創造力。」

六十一歲的葛倫‧卡農是一位退休的呼吸治療師，他與妻子也是從雷拉尼莊園撤離的居民，他說：「我們不想要離開。我們為了退休生活定居於此，而且打算繼續留在這裡。現在看起來，佩蕾女士對我們另有打算。這是她的土地，當她想拿回去時，是會從我們手中取走的。」

（台北時報章厚明譯）