Happy Thanksgiving! 感恩節快樂

感謝

I'm so lucky to have you as my____.

我真幸運有你這樣的____.

*friend 朋友
*boyfriend  男朋友
*girlfriend 女朋友
*husband 老公
*wife 老婆
*colleague  同事
*teacher 老師
*student 學生
*boss老板  

Third of women suffer domestic violence: WHO 世衛︰三分之一婦女承受家暴痛苦

Women hold pictures of victims of violence during a protest to denounce domestic violence against women in Ankara, Turkey on May 11.
女性民眾五月十一日於土耳其安卡拉，在一場抗議對女性家暴的活動中，高舉遇害女子的照片。

Photo: AFP
照片：法新社

About a third of women worldwide have been physically or sexually assaulted by a former or current partner, according to the first major review of violence against women.

In a series of papers released by the World Health Organization and others, experts estimated nearly 40 percent of women killed worldwide were slain by an intimate partner and that being assaulted by a partner was the most common kind of violence experienced by women.

The WHO defined physical violence as being slapped, pushed, punched, choked or being attacked with a weapon. Sexual violence was defined as being physically forced to have sex, having sex because you were afraid of what your partner might do and being compelled to do something sexual that was humiliating or degrading.

The report also examined rates of sexual violence against women by someone other than a partner and found about 7 percent of women worldwide had previously been a victim.

Globally, the WHO review found 30 percent of women are affected by domestic or sexual violence by a partner. The report was based largely on studies from 1983 to 2010. According to the UN, more than 600 million women live in countries where domestic violence is not considered a crime.

(AP)

TODAY’S WORDS 今日單字

1. domestic adj.

家庭的；愛家的 (jia1 ting2 de5; ai4 jia1 de5)

例: His second marriage has made him very domestic.

(他的二度婚姻使他變得非常喜愛家庭生活。)

2. compel v.

強迫；使不得不 (qiang1 po4; shi3 bu4 de2 bu4)

例: She was compelled to take the responsibility for her husband’s wrongdoing.

(她不得不承擔她丈夫惡行的責任。)

3. degrading adj.

有辱人格的；丟臉的 (you3 ru4 ren2 ge2 de5; diu2 lian3 de5)

例: The poor man believed that accepting charity was degrading.

(那窮人認為接受施捨有辱人格。)

第一份檢視婦女受暴的重要評論指出，全球約三分之一婦女遭前任或現任伴侶施加身體或性攻擊。

在世界衛生組織與其他單位公布的一系列報告中，專家估計全球近百分之四十遭殺害的婦女是死於親密伴侶之手，而被伴侶攻擊是女性所經歷的最普遍暴力類型。

世衛將身體暴力定義為被掌摑、猛推、拳打、掐頸或武器攻擊。性暴力則定義為被迫性交，亦即性交是因害怕伴侶可能的行動，而被迫從事令人羞辱或有辱人格的性作為。

這份報告也檢視不是遭伴侶施暴的婦女性暴力比率，發現全球約百分之七婦女以前就是受害者。

全球而言，世衛的這份評論發現百分之三十婦女受伴侶家暴或性暴力衝擊。這份報告大幅以一九八三年至二○一○年的研究為基礎。根據聯合國的資料，超過六億婦女生活在不把家暴視作犯罪的國家。

(美聯社／翻譯：魏國金）

Severe headaches tied to suicide attempts: study 嚴重頭痛較易企圖自殺

People with severe headaches, whether migraines or not, may be more likely to attempt suicide, according to a US study of more than a thousand people.

A number of studies over the years have found that people with migraines tend to have a higher suicide rate than those without, but it has not been clear if this is related specifically to the “biology of migraines,” said Naomi Breslau of Michigan State University at East Lansing, who led the study.

The study followed nearly 1,200 Detroit, Michigan-area adults. About 500 of them were migraine sufferers, while 151 had severe headaches that were not migraines. The rest were free of serious headaches and served as a control group. In this study, severe non-migraines were defined as intense headaches lasting more than four hours.

Over two years, the migraine and severe-headache groups had similar rates of attempted suicide. Almost nine percent of migraine sufferers said they had tried to kill themselves, as did 10 percent of those with severe non-migraine headaches, compared with a rate of just over one percent in the control group.

(Reuters)

美國一項針對逾一千人的研究發現，患有嚴重頭痛者，不管是否為偏頭痛，可能較易企圖自殺。

位在東南辛市的密西根州立大學的研究領導者布瑞斯勞表示，歷年來多項研究發現，偏頭痛者自殺率較無偏頭痛者高，但不清楚這是否與「偏頭痛生理因素」有特別相關。

研究追蹤密西根州底特律地區近一千兩百名成年人，其中約五百人為偏頭痛患者，一百五十一人有非偏頭痛的嚴重頭痛，其餘是沒有嚴重頭痛的對照組。在這項研究中，非偏頭痛的嚴重頭痛定義為劇烈頭痛持續逾四小時。

兩年間，偏頭痛與嚴重頭痛組企圖自殺的比率不相上下。有近百分之九的偏頭痛病患表示曾試圖自殺，嚴重頭痛的非偏頭痛病患則有百分之十。對照組想輕生的比率僅逾百分之一。

（路透／翻譯：國際新聞中心）

TODAY’S WORDS 今日單字

1. attempt n.

嘗試 (chang2 shi4)

例: This is my second attempt at the exam.

(這是我第二次嘗試這個考試。)

2. tend v.

傾向 (qing1 xiang4)

例: Women tend to live longer than men.

(女性傾向活得比男性長壽。)

3. relate v.

使相關 (shi3 xiang1 guan1)

例: Researchers are saying poor exam results are related to large class sizes.

(研究人員試著將考試低分的原因與班級人數多有關。)

Afternoon naps aid children’s learning 午睡幫助孩子學習

A vendor selling watermelons naps as he waits for customers at a market in Taiyuan, in China’s Shanxi Province on July 17.
一位小販七月十七日在中國山西省太原市一處市場等待顧客上門時，小歇片刻。

Photo: Reuters
照片：路透

Getting young children to take an hour-long nap after lunch could help them with their learning by boosting brain power, a small study suggests.

A nap appeared to help three-to-five-year-olds better remember pre-school lessons, US researchers said.

University of Massachusetts Amherst researchers studied 40 youngsters and reported their findings in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The benefit persisted in the afternoon after a nap and into the next day.

The study authors say their results suggest naps are critical for memory consolidation and early learning. When the children were allowed a siesta after lunch they performed significantly better on a visual-spatial tasks in the afternoon and the next day than when they were denied a midday snooze.

(Liberty Times)

TODAY’S WORDS 今日單字

1. nap n.

午睡 (wu3 shui4)

例: Grandpa usually takes a nap after lunch.

(阿公吃過午飯後通常會睡個午覺。)

2. persist v.

持續 (chi2 xu4)

例: The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week.

(這一週都將是寒冷的天氣。)

3. deny n.

拒絕 (ju4 jue2)

例: I was denied the opportunity of learning French at school.

(我在學校沒機會學法文。)

一項小型研究顯示，讓小孩子在午餐後打盹一小時，可能有助他們增強腦力，幫助學習。

美國研究人員說，小睡一番似乎能幫助三到五歲的小孩更能記住學齡前的功課。

麻薩諸塞大學阿默斯特分校的研究人員觀察四十名小孩，並在美國國家科學院院刊報告他們的發現。午睡的好處持續整個下午到隔天。

研究作者說，他們的研究結果顯示，午睡對鞏固記憶力與早期學習至關重要。小孩子要是可以在午餐後睡個午覺，他們在下午與隔天的視覺－空間工作表現，會比不能午睡時明顯較好。

（自由時報／翻譯：自由時報國際新聞中心）

Climate change may cause more kidney stones: study 研究：氣候變遷可能造成更多腎結石

Motorists make their way out of downtown Los Angeles, California on Aug. 30 last year.
駕駛們去年八月三十日在加州洛杉磯驅車駛離市區。

Photo: AFP
照片：法新社

A warming planet is likely to bring more hot days, more sweaty people and more dehydration — a key risk factor for a surge in kidney stones, researchers said on July 10.

The study in the journal Environmental Health Perspectives found a link between hot days and kidney stones in 60,000 patients whose medical records were studied in Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, Los Angeles and Philadelphia.

“We found that as daily temperatures rise, there is a rapid increase in the probability of patients presenting over the next 20 days with kidney stones,” said lead author Gregory Tasian, a pediatric urologist at The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

As average daily temperatures climbed above 50 degrees Fahrenheit, or 10 degrees Celsius, the risk of kidney stone presentation increased in all the cities except Los Angeles.

(Liberty Times)

TODAY’S WORDS
今日單字

1. sweaty adj.

流汗的 (liu2 han4 de5)

例: We spent the evening in a sweaty pub.

(我們晚上都待在熱得讓人冒汗的酒吧裡。)

2. surge n.

驟升 (zou4 sheng1)

例: An unexpected surge in electrical power caused the computer to crash.

(電壓突然遽增導致電腦當機。)

3. probability n.

可能性 (ke3 neng2 xing4)

例: There’s a strong probability that she’ll be here.

(她很可能會來。)

暖化的地球可能帶來更多炎熱的日子、更多流汗的人們，以及更多的脫水─這是腎結石暴增的重要風險因子，研究人員七月十日指出。

《環境衛生觀點》期刊刊登的這份研究，在亞特蘭大、芝加哥、達拉斯、洛杉磯與費城六萬名病患的病歷中，發現熱天與腎結石的關聯。

研究主要作者、費城兒童醫院小兒泌尿科醫師泰西安說：「我們發現，日氣溫升高時，病患未來二十天腎結石的可能性急速增加。」

日均溫上升超過攝氏十度時，這些城市除洛杉磯外，腎結石表現的風險全都升高。

（自由時報／翻譯：自由時報國際新聞中心）

Observe children’s use of electronics to understand their minds: psychiatrists 觀察孩子玩3C 了解內心世界

Regarding whether parents can truly comprehend what their children are thinking, psychiatrists say that with kids nowadays so enthralled with IT products, there is very little interaction and communication going on between parents and children, causing many things to remain bottled up and left unsaid. Can parents actually gain any insight by observing what video games their kids like to play? Which TV shows they enjoy watching? Which characters they like? If you want to understand a child’s inner world, there is no harm in talking and playing with them while they play with the IT products.

Lam Pok, an attending physician at Miaoli Wei Gong Memorial Hospital’s psychiatry department, says that back before 3C (computer, communications and consumer electronics) products existed, children and parents had more opportunities to talk with each other. Children used to vent their emotions by playing outdoor sports and also talked to their parents more about their feelings. With the proliferation of electronic products, video games have become the main way that children express their feelings. Characters in television dramas have also become objects for children to obtain emotional sustenance, making them less fond of talking to their parents about personal matters.

Lam says the theory of psychological projection explains why adolescents and young people often enjoy playing video games — the opponent that they are fighting is not actually the enemy in the game, but rather more likely to be someone in real life who makes them feel incredible pressure. It could be a classmate, a teacher or possibly parents. The same principle applies to watching the plots on TV or in films. Children who lack true love from their parents will easily be moved to tears when they see an alien savior come on the screen, Lam says.

When parents see their child playing video games or watching TV, it is best to get closer to them to make observations and show more concern for the child. Lam suggests that parents find an appropriate time to ask the following three questions. The first should be about which character they like the most. Liking a particular character is usually because that character has similar personality traits or has suffered in similar ways as the child. The second question should be about which character they wish they could be. This will be the person that possesses something that the child is lacking but aspires to be. The third question asks the child which character they loathe the most, which can represent someone who has probably hurt the child or gives them stress, Lam says.

(Liberty Times, Translated by Kyle Jeffcoat)

家長是否真的了解孩子在想什麼，精神科醫師表示，現在的孩子喜歡3C產品，與父母互動溝通少，以致很多事都放在心裡不說，其實家長可以透過觀察孩子喜歡玩什麼電玩遊戲？看什麼類型的電視節目？又喜歡哪個角色？想要了解孩子的內心世界，不妨利用孩子玩3C產品時，跟孩子多談談與多溝通。

苗栗為恭醫院精神科主治醫師林博說，在以前沒有3C產品的年代，孩子與父母說話的機會較多，孩子除運動宣洩情緒外，也比較會告訴父母，但在3C產品普及之後，電玩往往成為孩子發洩情緒的方法，電視劇中的角色也成為了情感寄託的對象，讓孩子較不愛告訴父母關於自己的事情。

林博指出，從學理上的「投射理論」，可以看到青少年喜愛打電玩，往往是在對打速度感中發洩內在的不滿及痛苦，對打的對象其實不是遊戲中的敵人，而可能是生活中壓得他喘不過氣的人；這個人可能是同學、老師也可能是父母；看電視或是電影劇情也是相同的道理，缺乏父母真愛的小孩看到外星來的拯救者，會激動地流下眼淚來。

當父母看到孩子在打電玩或是看電視時，最好能走近觀察與關心一下孩子。林博建議，父母可以適時問三個問題，第一個是「你最喜歡裡面的誰？」因為會喜歡一個角色，是因為角色個性、遭遇和自己相似；第二個問題則是「你想當裡面的誰？」因為這正是孩子自己缺乏但卻十分嚮往的人；第三個問題則是「你討厭裡面的誰？」因為這個人可能曾經傷害過他或是造成壓力的人。

（自由時報記者魏怡嘉）

Anxiety and insomnia on the rise as people fret over Taiwan’s future: doctors擔心台灣未來 焦慮失眠比率升

As of late the public has been fixated on the anti-service trade pact movement. A significant number of people have been seeing doctors for psychological issues caused by anxiety and insomnia triggered by concern for various social factors, including Taiwan’s future and the student movement.

Hung Chi-wei, an attending physician at Chi Mei Hospital’s family medicine department, says that he has recently treated a spate of clinical cases like this. Some of the patients, originally quite fond of exercising, suddenly became sluggish for reasons unknown and only wanted to lounge around the house, never going out anywhere else. Even if some of them have wanted to see a doctor, they did not know which department to make an appointment with.

Hung says that family physicians often come across this type of patient, who consults a family doctor first because they do not know which type of specialist to see, as they have so many symptoms at the same time. There has been a slight rise in the number of patients visiting psychiatry departments in recent years, Hung says, adding that some of them complain about Taiwan’s stagnant economy, rising prices or how hard it is to make a living. The right amount of stress can easily give rise to mental disorders such as generalized anxiety or depression, Hung says.

Most patients with generalized anxiety disorder tend to be unaware that they have the disorder because the symptoms tend to fluctuate. When stress levels increase in everyday life or at work it typically exacerbates the patient’s condition. Common symptoms include muscle tension, an overly excited autonomic nervous system, feeling keyed up and on edge, sometimes having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep, and feeling irritable. The symptoms for depression include feeling dejected and losing interest in things.Regardless of whether it is generalized anxiety disorder or depression, Hung says that as soon as you discover possibly having one of the two disorders, you should see a doctor for diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

(Liberty Times, Translated by Kyle Jeffcoat)

TODAY’S WORDS
今日單字

1. fixate v.

注視 (zhu4 shi4)

例: Why are you suddenly so fixated on your appearance and body image?

(你為什麼突然注重你的外貌與身材？

2. trigger v.

引起；觸發 (yin2 qi3; chu4 fa1)

例: The reporter’s comment triggered her anger.

(記者的評論觸怒了她。)

3. dejected adj.

沮喪的；情緒低落的；氣餒的 (ju3 sang4 de5; qing2 xu4 di1 luo4 de5; qi4 nei3 de5)

例: The fans were dejected after the team suffered a bitter lost in the finals.

(球隊在決賽輸得很慘讓球迷情緒低落。)

最近反服貿運動引起社會關心矚目，有不少民眾因為擔心台灣未來前途以及學運等社會現象，出現焦慮失眠引發身心疾病情況而求助醫生。

奇美醫院家庭醫學科主治醫師洪啟偉表示，最近在臨床上常有此類病人就醫看診，也有患者原本很愛運動，但卻不知是何原因卻突然提不起勁，只想躲在家中，其他地方都不想去，即使想要就醫也不曉得要掛哪一科。

洪啟偉說，家醫科門診常會遇到此類病人，因為身體多發性症狀不知道該看哪科門診，而先到家醫科做諮詢。近年罹患身心科而前來就診的患者比率略有偏高，有些患者會抱怨這幾年國內經濟成長不佳、物價上漲，日子過得很辛苦等等，在壓力之下很容易引起廣泛性焦慮、憂鬱症等身心科疾病。

廣泛性焦慮症由於病情起伏不定，大部分的病人不會有所察覺，在生活工作壓力增加時病情會惡化，常見症狀包括有肌肉緊繃、自律神經亢奮、過度警戒且過度敏感等，有時也會有難以入睡或睡不安穩、易怒等情形；此外，憂鬱症則是以憂鬱情緒或失去興趣為主要症狀。

洪啟偉指出，不論是廣泛性焦慮症或是憂鬱症，一旦發現有廣泛性焦慮症或是憂鬱症的可能時，建議尋求醫師的診斷與治療。

（自由時報記者林孟婷）