India the most dangerous country to be a woman 印度是對女性最危險的國家

October 11 is International Day of the Girl(國際女童日)

#dayofthegirl #girlhero #girlstakeover

新聞辭典

1. cite：動詞，舉例，列舉。例句：She cited three reasons why people get into debt.（她列舉人們為何負債的3個原因。）
2. female genital mutilation：名詞，女性割禮（簡寫為FGM）。例句：FGM can cause serious and lifelong physical and psychological harm.（女性割禮可導致嚴重且終身的身心傷害。）
3. child marriage：名詞，童婚。例句：Child marriage violates girls’ rights to health, education and opportunity.（ 童婚危害女童的健康、教育及機會等權利。）

India is the most dangerous country in the world to be a woman because of the high risk of sexual violence and slave labor, a new survey of experts shows. 一份新的專家調查顯示，就身為女性而言，印度是世界上最危險的國家，因為當地性暴力及奴隸勞動的風險很高。

The Thomson Reuters Foundation released its results Tuesday of a survey of 550 experts on women’s issues, finding India to be the most dangerous nation for sexual violence against women, as well as human trafficking for domestic work, forced labor, forced marriage and sexual slavery, among other reasons.

「湯森路透基金會」週二公佈一份550名婦女議題專家的調查結果，發現就婦女性暴力，以及家傭人口販運、強迫勞動、強迫婚姻及性奴隸等風險而言，印度是最危險的國家。

India is also the most dangerous country in the world for cultural traditions that impact women, the survey found, citing acid attacks, female genital mutilation, child marriage and physical abuse. India was the fourth most dangerous country for women in the same survey seven years ago.調查發現，就文化傳統對女性的影響而言，諸如潑酸攻擊、女性割禮、童婚及身體虐待等，印度也是世界上最危險的國家。在7年前的相同調查中，印度是對婦女第4危險的國家。

Afghanistan and Syria ranked second and third, followed by Somalia, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Yemen and Nigeria. The only western nation in the top 10 was the US. This was directly related to the #MeToo movement. 阿富汗及敘利亞分居2、3名，隨後是索馬利亞、沙烏地阿拉伯、巴基斯坦、剛果民主共和國、葉門及奈及利亞。唯一進入前十名的西方國家是美國。此與「#MeToo」運動有直接關聯。

Ganesha Chaturthi 印度象神節

Ganesha Chaturthi is one of the largest Hindu festivals, held over an 11-day period every August or September in the Gregorian calendar. It is celebrated throughout India, but also in other countries around the world. 印度象神節是最盛大的印度教節慶之一，在每年陽曆八月或九月連續舉行十一天。不僅印度舉國慶祝，在世界其他國家也有慶典。

The festival is celebrated in honor of the Hindu god Ganesha. Idols of the god are placed in temporary public shrines and in private houses. They are then paraded around the streets in a procession down to the nearest convenient body of water and immersed. 象神節是為了紀念印度神祇伽尼薩。伽尼薩神像先安置在臨時的公共神龕及民宅，然後抬出來沿街遊行，到附近的河川水域施行浸禮。

Ganesha is a major god in the Hindu pantheon, and is instantly recognizable because of his elephant head. He is considered as the god of beginnings, the remover of obstacles and the patron of arts and sciences. Ganesha emerged as a distinct deity as early as the 4th and 5th centuries AD, although the form he took incorporated earlier attributes from ancient Indian texts.伽尼薩神是印度教眾神中的重要神祇，並因其獨特象頭而能夠立即辨認出。人們相信祂是起始之神，可以消除困難，並為藝術與科學的守護神。早在西元四到五世紀，伽尼薩神便以其獨特的形象存在，儘管其樣貌融合了更早期的印度經典的描述。

（台北時報編譯林俐凱譯）

Yoga for World Suicide Prevention Day

Vocabulary: Chinese/English (Quizlet)

1. commit suicide 自殺
2. attempt 企圖
3. prevent (v.) 阻止, 妨礙, 預防
4. mental health 精神健康狀態
5. raise (v.) 增加；提高；改善
6. awareness (n.)意識
7. preventable (adj.) 可防止的，可預防的，可阻止的
8. factor (n.) 因素；要素
9. downturn (n.) 衰退，漸入低迷
10. bully (n./v.)恃強淩弱者，以大欺小者/ 傷害；脅迫；欺負，欺淩
11. assist (v.) 幫助；協助；援助
12. assisted suicide 協助自殺，輔助自殺

III. The Reading: (Handout)

World Suicide Prevention Day (WSPD) is a day we should all put on our calendars. It highlights (強調) a huge but often ignored(忽視) problem in our society (社會). Every year thousands of people take their own lives. Around 3,000 people a day commit suicide. Another 60,000 a day attempt suicide. WSPD promotes (促進) ways to identify (確定) possible suicide cases and to prevent suicide. The day is organized (安排有序的) by the International Association for Suicide Prevention. This important group acts as a forum(論壇) for academics(學者), mental health professionals (職業的), and suicide survivors(倖存者) to work together to understand suicide better. They raise awareness that suicide is a preventable cause of hundreds of thousands of deaths around the world.

The word suicide comes from Latin, meaning to kill oneself. There are many factors that lead to someone taking their own life. These include depression(憂鬱症), shame (羞恥), physical pain, anxiety (焦慮), and relationship problems. A growing reason nowadays is financial ($) difficulties. There is a sudden increase in suicide in rich nations(countries) when there is a downturn in the economy (經濟). Another worrying trend (趨向) is the number of young people who resort to suicide because of bullying. Suicide is in fact, one of the leading causes of death among teenagers and young adults. In Japan, there are Internet suicide clubs so you can end your life with others who are equally desperate (拼命的). A hot topic(話題) today is assisted suicide – helping another person end his or her life.

Comprehension:

1. What problem is ignored by society?

2. Who organized World Suicide Prevention Day?

3. Which groups attend the forum?

4. Is suicide preventable? Explain.

5. Why do young people commit or attempt to commit suicide?

6. What is assisted suicide?

7. Why is bullying such a serious problem?

Students return to schools as new academic year begins 各級學校開學日 學生勤做收心操

TODAY’S WORDS
今日單字

1. school year phr. 學年 

2. campus n. 校園 

3. back-to-school adj. 開學的 

4. experimental adj. 實驗的 

5. flat-rate adj. 單一費率 

The new school year for most elementary schools and junior and senior high schools across Taiwan begins today, and that for universities in two weeks. To help students re-adjust to campus life, local education departments are introducing a series of exercises to refocus their minds, and various “back-to-school” apps that provide online reading and interactive learning. 全國大部分的國小、國中和高中的新學年將於今日展開，大學則在兩週後開學。為了要幫助學生們即早適應校園生活，各地教育局推出一系列收心操，並透過各種開學應用程式來提供線上閱讀和互動學習等活動。

This year, Taiwan Yuansheng International Academy, the nation’s first Aboriginal experimental senior high school, was launched at Christ’s College Taipei in New Taipei City’s Tamsui District. Ten Bunun freshmen will take special music and cultural lessons in addition to their regular classes. 全台首間原住民實驗高中原聲國際學院，今年亦在台北基督學院成立，該校位於新北市淡水區，十位來自布農族的新生除了學習一般課程，還有特別的音樂與文化課程。

Meanwhile, a back-to-school sales war is heating up. According to A-mart hypermarket chain and Kuang Nan Fashion Shop, items below NT$500 (US$16), such as the NT$299 book holder, are most popular this year. The nation’s three major telecom companies are also attracting student customers with a NT$488 flat-rate cellphone monthly package. 此外，開學季的促銷大戰也已開打。根據愛買量販店和光南大批發的觀察，今年以五百元（十六美元）以下商品最受歡迎，例如兩百九十九元的桌上型書架。台灣的電信三雄則推出手機每月四百八十八元吃到飽的單一費率學生價，希望能搶攻學生族群。

(Eddy Chang, Taipei Times)（台北時報張聖恩）

Yoga for Children

Allergies (Treatment, October Babies)

Asthma, 2

Bullying

Brain health/Intelligence

Children's Day

Development

Family Life

Fitness

In Utero (Nutrition)

Immunity (Springtime,

Naps

Obesity

Play

Smart Phone
Teens

Weightloss

Resources:
Cosmic Kids

Teens Who Are Constantly On Their Phones May Be At Risk of ADHD 青少年常用手機可能有ADHD風險

新聞辭典

1. develop：動詞，患上／逐漸形成（疾病）。例句：In general, women are more likely to develop breast cancer.（一般而言，女性更易罹患乳癌。）
2. restlessness：名詞，躁動，心神不定，煩亂不安。例句：Waiting gave him a feeling of restlessness.（等待讓他煩躁不安。）
3. prevalence：名詞，流行，盛行。例句：The disease’s prevalence is increasing compared to other diseases.（相較於其他疾病，這種病的流行率不斷增加。）

Teens who spend lots of time surfing the web, playing games and chatting with friends on smartphones and tablets may be more likely to symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, a U.S. study suggests. 一項美國研究指出，青少年花大量時間瀏覽網路，在智慧型手機和平板電腦上玩遊戲、與朋友聊天，也許更有可能出現注意力不足過動症（ADHD）症狀。

The study involved 2,587 students in 10 high schools across Los Angeles County. The students had no significant symptoms of ADHD at the study’s start. During the two years of the study, the researchers surveyed the teens and asked them about the frequency of their participation in 14 different kinds of online activities. 這份研究含括洛杉磯郡10所高中的2587名學生。在研究開始時，學生並無明顯的ADHD症狀。在2年研究期間，研究人員調查這些青少年，詢問他們參與14種不同線上活動的頻率。

About half of the students said they check social media sites and text many times every day. The study found that teens who were high-frequency users of seven or 14 digital media platforms were more than twice as likely to develop ADHD symptoms than teens who did not use any media platform at a high-frequency rate. 約半數學生表示，他們每天瀏覽社群媒體網站及傳簡訊多次。研究發現，相較於未高度使用任何媒體平台的青少年，高頻率使用7或14種數位媒體平台的青少年，出現ADHD症狀的機率高出逾2倍。

ADHD symptoms include inattention, hyperactivity, restlessness or impulsivity. The disorder, which is more common in boys than girls, affects about 5% of all children in the United States. The prevalence of ADHD has been estimated at 5% worldwide, as well. ADHD症狀包括漫不經心、活動亢進、煩亂不安或衝動等。這種疾病影響全美國約5%的兒童，男孩又比女孩更可能罹患這種疾病。據估計，ADHD的全球流行率也是5%。

Best dads of the animal kingdom 動物界暖男：海馬、企鵝最爸氣

Today is August 8th — Father’s Day in Taiwan. August 8 was chosen for Father’s Day because the pronunciation of “eight-eight” in Mandarin Chinese is “ba-ba,” a homonym of “papa.” On Father’s Day, people take the opportunity to express their gratitude for their father’s hard work. The animal kingdom has its own stand-out dads, too. 今天是八月八日，是台灣的父親節。之所以選擇這天為父親節，是因為中文「八八」是「爸爸」的諧音。為人子女常在父親節表達對父親的感恩，但你知道嗎，在動物界也有堪稱模範父親的好爸爸呢！

For many animals, childbearing and rearing are left to the females — for some species, the males even disappear soon after mating. But there are exceptions, such as the seahorses that wear the twin hats of both the father and mother and emperor penguins that share responsibility for childcare. 多數動物是由雌性擔任育兒工作，有些動物的雄性甚至在雌性懷孕後，就不見蹤影。但是也有例外，例如父兼母職的海馬，以及共同分擔育兒責任的皇帝企鵝。

The reproduction of seahorses is particularly striking because the seahorses are “borne” by the males — female seahorses leave their unfertilized eggs in special pouches on the males. After two to three weeks of “pregnancy,” the males give birth to baby seahorses that hatch and grow in the pouches. The number of babies pushed out can reach more than a thousand. Seahorses are ovoviviparous fish. 海馬的生殖方式特別引人注目，因為海馬是由爸爸來「懷孕」──母海馬將卵產在雄海馬腹中之育兒袋（孵卵囊），海馬爸爸便在接下來二至三週挺著大肚子，然後辛苦生下孵化的海馬寶寶──剛出生的小海馬數量可達千隻以上。海馬是屬於卵胎生魚類。

To hatch the egg, emperor penguins have to endure sub-zero temperatures, during which time they must also fast. From May to June each year, the emperor penguin mother will lay an egg — only one at a time. By this time the mother’s nutritional reserves are exhausted and she has to go back to the sea for food. The father balances the egg on the top of his feet, incubating the egg in his brood pouch, keeping it at a comfortable temperature of 36 degrees Celsius in the freezing environment, with temperatures as low as -40 degrees Celsius. During the incubation period which lasts for about 65 consecutive days, the males do not eat, spending most time in sleep, surviving on the fat stored in their bodies. 皇帝企鵝爸爸為了孵蛋，會忍受零度以下低溫，並且禁食。在每年五至六月，皇帝企鵝媽媽會產下一顆蛋（一次只生一顆）──此時母企鵝身體儲存的能量消耗殆盡，必須返回大海覓食。在這段期間，雄企鵝把蛋放在腳掌上，用雙腿和腹部下方之間的育兒袋包覆，讓蛋在環境溫度低達攝氏零下四十度的低溫中，保持在舒適的攝氏三十六度。在約六十五天的孵化期間，雄企鵝不吃不喝，多在睡眠中度過，仰賴體中儲存的脂肪度日。

The mother returns after feeding in the sea for about two months. She can find her own partner among the hundreds of new dads by recognizing his vocal call, and feeds the chick by regurgitating the food that she has stored in her stomach. Then it is the father’s turn to leave and feed himself in the sea. 企鵝媽媽出海約兩個月後，便會返回。牠能在數以百計的新爸爸中，透過叫聲找到自己的伴侶，然後反芻吐出儲存在胃裡的食物來餵小企鵝。這時，就輪到企鵝爸爸離開，到大海去捕食了。

(Lin Lee-kai, Taipei Times) （台北時報林俐凱）