Earth Day Series 地球日系列: Cutting Carbon Emissions 碳排放

Nations Strike Historic Deal to Curb Shipping Emissions 減少船運碳排放 各國達成歷史性協議

TODAY’S WORDS

今日單字

1. shipping industry phr. 航運業 

2. carbon emissions phr. 碳排放 

3. heavy fuel oil phr. 重油 

4. rising sea levels phr. 海平面上升 

5. container ship phr. 貨櫃船 

Most of the world’s nations agreed to an historic deal that for the first time will limit emissions from the global shipping industry. 全球多數國家已達成了一個歷史性的協議，首次對各國航運業進行排放的限制。

After a week of negotiations at a London meeting of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), a UN body, envoys from 173 countries agreed to cut emissions by at least 50 percent by 2050 from 2008 levels. Saudi Arabia and the US both objected. 聯合國專門機構國際海事組織在倫敦舉行的會議中，來自一百七十三個國家的特使經過了一週的談判，同意在二○五○年前，將排放量減少至二○○八年基準的百分之五十以下。沙烏地阿拉伯和美國皆表示反對。

The accord is a significant step in the fight against global warming. Shipping, the only industry not included in the 2015 Paris climate agreement, would rank as the sixth-largest greenhouse gas emitter if it were a country, according to the World Bank. If left unchecked, that share could account for 15 percent of global carbon emissions by 2050, a five-fold increase from today. 這個協議是對抗全球暖化所踏出的重要一步。在二○一五年巴黎氣候協議中，航運是唯一未納入規範的產業。根據世界銀行統計，如果把整個航運產業算作是一個國家，那麼它會是全球第六大溫室氣體排放國。如果放任不管，到了二○五○年，航運業的碳排放量可能會佔全球總量的百分之十五，比現今增加五倍。

“It is likely this target will tighten further, but even with the lowest level of ambition, the shipping industry will require rapid technological changes,” said Tristan Smith, a reader at University College London’s Energy Institute. 倫敦大學學院能源研究所高級講師崔斯坦‧史密斯表示：「這個標準很可能會變得更嚴，但即使是要達到最低限度的目標，航運業也需要趕快革新技術。」

Vessels typically burn heavy fuel oil, one of the cheapest but also among the dirtiest fossil fuels. The industry wasn’t included in the Paris agreement because each country presented an individual plan to reduce their own emissions, while the seas were left out. 船舶所燃的通常是重油，這是最便宜，也是最髒的化石燃料之一。航運業之所以未納入巴黎協議，是因為巴黎協議是以國家為單位提出計畫來減少境內的碳排放，因此海洋便成三不管地帶而被遺漏了。

Last Friday’s agreement commits to pursuing emission cuts that will be consistent with the Paris deal goals. 上週五各國所達成的協議承諾將致力減少碳排放，這和巴黎協議的目標是一致的。

Hot Issue 熱議問題

Reducing the industry’s emissions has been a hotly contested issue. One of the most vociferous proponents of emission controls have been the Pacific island nations, where rising sea levels are already swallowing up land, and the rate is expected to increase in the coming decades. 減少航運業的碳排放一直是爭議激烈的問題。最大力提倡限制碳排放的是太平洋島國──由於海平面上升，這些島國已有土地沒入海中，預計未來幾十年土地被海水淹沒的速度還會加快。

Other countries have resisted targets. Oil producing nations including Saudi Arabia have expressed concern about the impact of the measures on their fuel supply business, while some countries have said controls could penalize those that are far from the world’s main consumer hubs. 有些國家則抵制這碳排放的標準。包括沙烏地阿拉伯在內的石油生產國擔憂這些措施會對他們的燃料供應產業造成衝擊；另有一些國家表示，控制措施可能會對距世界主要消費中心遙遠的國家不利。

This isn’t the first time the IMO has tried to be cleaner. 這並非國際海事組織第一次要讓環境變更乾淨。

Six years ago, the organization adopted design requirements to make new vessels more energy efficient. More than 70 percent of container ships built between 2013 and 2017 exceed the standard, which sets limits on carbon emissions per ship, according to analysis from Transport & Environment, a Belgian NGO. 六年前，國際海事組織採用了新的設計標準，使新造的船更加節能。根據比利時非政府組織「運輸與環境」分析，二○一三年至二○一七年間所建造的貨櫃船，有百分之七十以上的船隻，其碳排放量低於所規定的限度。

“The IMO should and could have gone a lot further but for the dogmatic opposition of some countries,” said Bill Hemmings, shipping director at Transport & Environment. “Scant attention was paid to US opposition. So this decision puts shipping on a promising track.” 「運輸與環境」的航空及海運部門主任比爾‧漢明斯表示：「若不是因為某些國家獨斷的反對，國際海事組織本應可以做得更多。」「美國的反對並未被重視，因此這個協議得以達成，把航運推向有前景的正途。」

(Bloomberg台北時報林俐凱編譯)

Earth Day Series 地球日系列: 台灣的性侵害有多普遍呢？ How common is sexual assault in Taiwan?

 Love your Mother (Earth)愛你的母親（地球）. 
Stop all violence against women停止對婦女的所有暴力. There is a correlation between the exploitation of women and the exploitation of the environment. 在利用婦女與剝削地球天然環境之間的關係。
These yoga flows are focused on healing from trauma and will focus on releasing the psoas muscle(腰大肌) and emotional trauma stored in the hips. 這些瑜伽流程主要集中於創傷治愈，並將重點放在存儲在臀部的腰大肌 和情緒創傷。

READING: Saudi Arabia releases video showing husbands how to beat their wives 沙烏地阿拉伯發佈影片，向丈夫展現如何毆打他們的妻子

新聞辭典

• self-styled：形容詞，自稱的，自封的。例句：He is the self-styled president of the island.（他自封為該島的總統。）
• vent one’s anger on sb：動詞片語，發洩怒氣。例句：A teacher should not vent his anger on his students.（老師不應將怒氣發洩在學生身上。
• forsake：動詞，放棄，拋棄。例句：I won’t forsake my vegetarian principles.（我不會放棄我的素食原則。）

The national television of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has aired a video, in which a self-styled Islamic family doctor is seen teaching men in the country how to ‘properly’ beat their wives.沙烏地阿拉伯國家電視台播放一部影片，片中有一名自稱伊斯蘭家庭醫師的人士，教導該國男性如何「適當地」毆打他們的妻子。

According to the doctor Al-Saqaby, husbands should not immediately attack their wives, but should discipline them ‘properly’ first. He suggests the aim of beating a wife "is to discipline, not to vent one’s anger".該名醫師阿沙卡比說，丈夫不應立即攻擊他們的妻子，而是應先「適當地」管教她們。他指出，毆打妻子的目標「是為了管教，而非發洩怒氣」。

Al-Saqaby teaches in the video that the men should follow the steps below. The first step is to remind her of your rights and of her duties according to Allah. Then comes the second step – forsaking her in bed. The third step, beating, has to correspond with the necessary Islamic conditions before taking action.阿沙卡比在影片中教導男性應遵照下列步驟，第一步是提醒她根據真主履行權利與義務；接著是第二步—在床上離棄她；第三步才是毆打，而且在採取行動前必須符合必要的伊斯蘭條件。

Al-Saqaby says the beating should not be performed with a rod, nor should it be a headband, or a sharp object. Instead, husbands should use a teeth-cleaning twig or with a handkerchief to beat their wife. The wife will feel that she was wrong in the way she treated her husband.阿沙卡比說，不應以棍棒予以毆打，也不能使用頭帶或利器。丈夫應以牙籤或手帕毆打他們的妻子，妻子將會體認到，她對待丈夫的方式是錯誤的。

Earth Day: Five things you can do to observe! 地球日：你可以身體力行的5件事

Vocabulary

carbon footprint: 碳足跡（個人活動所產生的二氧化碳的份量）

loom：陰森森地逼近；赫然聳現

pitch in：投入；作出貢獻

April 22nd every year marks the onset of Earth Day. A day that is celebrated annually to raise awareness about our home planet and how we can save and protect it from recurring damage. 每年的4月22日是地球日。這是一個能讓我們關注地球家園、珍惜並保護它免遭人類行為反復破壞的日子。

Started in the year 1970, Earth Day is now celebrated in more than 190 countries each year.

地球日源於1970年。目前世界上每年有190多個國家慶祝地球日。Every year, the event is celebrated under a different theme. The theme for 2016 is "Trees for the Earth". 每年的主題都不同。2016年地球日的主題是“為地球種樹”。 In present times, when the dangers of climate change and global warming loom as large as ever, there is a constant pressure upon the entire world to do their bit and contribute towards the betterment of our home planet. Why? Because there is only one Earth. 目前地球受氣候變化和全球變暖的影響越來越深，全世界人民亟需聯合行動，承擔起各自的責任，為構建我們更好的家園貢獻力量。為什麼？因為我們只有一個地球。

地球日：你可以身體力行的5件事

Planting more trees means cutting down and reducing the carbon footprint and spread of greenhouse gases. 多種樹能減少碳足跡、縮減溫室氣體的擴散。 However, Earth Day is not just an event to be celebrated on one specific day. It is primarily a reminder for all to do our rightful duty to save our planet everyday. Earth Day is a motivation for you to start right now.

不過，地球日不應該只在某個特定日子慶祝。它其實主要在於提醒我們，要每天做有益於地球的事情。地球日意味著你現在就要開始行動了。 Below, we have compiled a list of five things you can do to celebrate Earth Day (apart from planting trees) and make this a better place, a better world for future generations.下面我們列舉了5項便於人們實踐的地球日活動（除了種樹以外），一起構建更好的家園、更美的世界，造福後代子孫。

Have a look!一起來看吧！

地球日：你可以身體力行的5件事

1. Leave your cars at home 少開車

Cars, being the greatest source of air pollution, can be left at home this weekend. Travelling via public transport is the better option. Other greener options are carpooling, riding a bike or you can also walk if you want a healthier option and if your workplace is not that far away from your home. 汽車是空氣的主要污染源，這個週末可以別開車了。公共交通其實是更好的選擇。其他綠色出行方式還包括拼車、騎行；如果你的工作地點離家不遠的話，你還有個更健康的選擇：步行。

2. Be a little dirty 邋遢一點兒

No, we don't mean it 'that' way. We simply mean to say, don't take a bath. Yes, conservation of water is super essential. A day or two without a bath won't harm you, but it will certainly do a lot of good for our planet. A daily shower isn't a matter of health; it's a matter of comfort. Showering every day can wash away the natural oils that our skin and hair need.

當然，我們並不是讓你不講衛生。我們想說的是，別洗澡。是的，保護水資源特別重要。一兩天不洗澡不會對你有什麼危害，但對我們的地球卻有極大的益處。每天沖澡與健康無關，其實只是為了舒服而已。每天洗澡還會沖掉我們皮膚上天然的油脂，而這些油脂其實是皮膚和頭髮需要的。

3. Volunteer yourself 做義工

This is one of the best things you can do. Why? Because it will do you good too. Join other like-minded individuals in a common task. If you have the time, there are lots of opportunities out there to pitch in, for instance, planting trees, cleaning a park or simply coming up with ways you can preserve mother Earth. 這是最適合你的事情之一。為什麼？因為它對你本身也有好處。與其他跟你有相似想法的人一起去完成一項任務。如果你時間允許，這樣的機會有很多，比如種樹、打掃公園，以及其他有利於保護地球的活動。

4. Green-up your home 在家中踐行地球日

This is one of the most common things that people do whenever Earth Day rolls around, that is, switch off their lights. However, this is not something you should do just for a day and for only an hour. Conserve energy by switching of all power and/or electricity points whenever they are not in use. In addition, take out all the plugs from plug points even after switching them off. 每到地球日，很多人都會不約而同選擇做這件事：關燈。不過，這不應該只是你在這一天這一小時做的事。為了節省能源，我們應該隨時關閉所有不在使用當中的用電設施。另外，關閉電源後，還應該拔下所有用電插頭。

5. Pledge to do more everyday 每天點滴積累

You know what the best way to celebrate Earth Day is? Extend your celebrations. That's right! Do something everyday that will improve your surroundings to make the planet a better place to live in. Always remember that every step, every initiative counts. 你知道慶祝地球日的最佳方式嗎？增加你的綠色踐行活動。對！每天都要做對環境有利的事情，讓我們的地球更宜居。記住，每一步行動、每一次倡議都算。

The future of our planet is in your hands! 地球家園的未來就靠你了！

(China Post)