Transition From Winter (Vata season) to Spring (Kapha season)
Transition tip: Springtime is a great time for warmer, moving styles of yoga that focus on detoxing the body, especially the liver after a winter of heavier food and less movement. It’s also a great time to try something new! If you’re developing a home practice, consider adding in backbends, heart opening poses, inversions, and twists.
Transition From Summer (Pitta season) to Autumn (Vata season)
Transition tip: Autumn is a GREAT time for Yin yoga and some restorative practices. If there’s a lot of variety in your current practice, consider settling into a stable routine through the autumn and start to vary it a little towards the end of winter. If you’ve got a home practice going, try adding forward bends, standing poses, and some balance poses into the mix.
1. psychiatric：形容詞，精神病（學）的。例句：She worked as a nurse in a psychiatric hospital.（她在精神病院擔任護士。）
2. workaholism：名詞，工作狂，醉心工作。例句： Japanese people are famous for their workaholism.（日本人以醉心工作聞名。）
3. neurobiological：形容詞，神經學的，神經生物學的。例句：Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by neurological disorders.（全球有億萬人受神經系統疾病影響。）
Are you staying up late to finish "important" emails? Do you take work home on the weekends? You might want to re-examine why you are working so hard, because according to Norwegian research, workaholics often have a number of psychiatric disorders. 你正在熬夜結束「重要」的電子郵件嗎？你週末帶工作回家嗎？你可能要重新檢視為何工作如此認真，因為根據挪威研究，工作狂往往罹患若干精神疾病。
A study led by the University of Bergen examined 16,426 working adults and found an association between workaholism and psychiatric problems. The research found that：32.7% of workaholics had ADHD - 33.8 % had anxiety - 25.6 % of workaholics had OCD - 8.9 % had depression. 一項由卑爾根大學領導的研究，檢視1萬6426名在職成年人，發現醉心工作與精神疾病之間有所關聯。該研究發現：32.7%的工作狂患有注意力不足過動症（ADHD）－33.8 %罹患焦慮症－25.6%的工作狂患有強迫症（OCD）－8.9%患有憂鬱症。
"Workaholics scored higher on all the psychiatric symptoms than non-workaholics," said researcher and Clinical Psychologist Specialist Cecilie Schou Andreassen. "Thus, taking work to the extreme may be a sign of psychological or emotional issues." 「比起非工作狂，工作狂在所有精神疾病症狀（的檢測）中獲得高分。」研究團隊成員、臨床心理學專家賽希利．休．安德里森指出。「因此，工作太過極端可能是精神或情緒問題的徵兆。」
The scientists encourage further research in this field, stressing the importance of neurobiological deviations in workaholism . How often do you work overtime? Maybe it’s time to take a break. 科學家鼓勵在此領域作進一步研究，強調神經生物學偏差在醉心工作上的重要性。您有多常加班？也許是該休息一下的時候了。
1. empathetic：形容詞，移情作用的，感情移入的。例句：Women are usually more empathetic than men.（女性通常比男性更容易產生移情作用。）
2. interpersonal：形容詞，人與人之間的，人際交往的。例句：Interpersonal skills are the skills you use to interact with people and communicate.（人際關係技巧是你與人互動和溝通時使用的技巧。）
3. experimental：（科學）實驗的，試驗性的。例句：There is no experimental evidence for the theory.（這套理論並無實驗佐證。）
Want to become a better person? Then you might want to consider picking up a book because according to a new study, reading regularly could make you kinder and more empathetic. 想要變成更好的人嗎？你可能要考慮拾起書本，因為根據一項新研究，定期閱讀可使你更親切和更具同理心。
Researchers from Kingston University looked at the effects of reading or watching television on different traits. Participants were questioned on their preference for books, TV and plays. They were then tested on their interpersonal skills, such as how much they considered people’s feelings and whether they acted to help others.
The study found that readers were more likely to act in a socially acceptable manner. Instead, TV lovers were less friendly and less understanding of others’ views. The team suggests that reading books allows people to see things from other people’s points of views, making them better at understanding others. 研究發現，閱讀者更有可能採取社會可以接受的行為。反之，電視愛好者較不友善，且較不理解他人觀點。研究團隊指出，閱讀讓人們能從他人觀點看待事物，使他們更能了解別人。
The study revealed that fiction fans showed more positive social behavior while readers of drama and romance novels were found to be the most emphatic. Similarly, lovers of more experimental books showed the ability to see things from different perspectives. 研究顯示，虛構小說迷展現更多的正面社會行為，而戲劇和浪漫小說讀者被發現最富同理心。同樣地，偏好科學實驗書籍的人，則展現從不同角度看待事物的能力。
1. uncover：動詞，揭露，揭示。例句：The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.（這項調查揭露一起大規模非法野生鳥類貿易的事證。）
2. quiz：動詞，考問，盤問。例句：She spent an hour being quizzed by journalists.（她花了一個小時接受記者的考問。）
3. oxytocin：名詞，催產素：例句：Oxytocin is known as the "love hormone" due to its beneficial role in social bonding.（催產素被稱為「愛的荷爾蒙」，因為它扮演有助於社會連結的角色。）
Women who have regular sex live longer, a study suggests. Scientists have uncovered the first biological evidence that frequent bedroom activity boosts lifespan by protecting our DNA. 一項研究指出，定期做愛的女性壽命較長。科學家揭露首個生物學證據，頻繁的閨房之樂能保護我們的去氧核醣核酸（DNA），得以延年益壽。
Researchers quizzed 129 women aged between 20 and 50 about their love lives. They then carried out blood tests and measured the length of participants’ telomeres. The study focused on telomeres – protective caps on the ends of DNA – that predict a person’s biological age. 研究人員考問129名婦女的愛情生活，其年齡介於20至50歲間。她們稍後進行血液測試，並量測受試者的端粒長度。這項研究聚焦於端粒—DNA末端的保護帽—可預測一個人的生物年齡。
Experts found women who had regular sex had significantly longer telomeres – boosting their overall life expectancy. Shorter telomeres have been associated with aging, disease, and a higher risk of death. 專家發現，定期做愛的女性，明顯擁有更長的端粒—延長她們的整體壽命。較短的端粒與老化、疾病和更高的死亡風險有關。
How sex could have such an effect is unclear. One possibility is that it reduces stress. It may also boost the immune system. Another theory is that it triggers the release of oxytocin – the so-called cuddle hormone – which has been linked to better health.
例: I need to check jobs that are posted on the bulletin board. (我需要看一下公佈在佈告欄的工作職缺。)
2. habit n. 習慣
例: Smoking is a bad habit.(抽煙是壞習慣。)
3. take...for granted phr. 當理所當然
例: Freedom of speech should not be taken for granted. (言論自由不應被視為理所當然。)
With the popularity of smartphones, checking Facebook, chatting, playing games and swiping a cellphone screen are common and totally normal occurrences, and more and more people are becoming heavy users. Have you ever thought what life would be like without a phone connection to the Internet?
Hsieh Hsin-hsuan, who was once shortlisted by Tourism Australia for “The Best Job in the World,” posted on Facebook on Monday last week that although she had no smartphone four years ago, she has now become a heavy Internet user. “I look at my phone right before bed, I return messages while I’m on the bus, I check Facebook while I’m eating,” she said, “How could I manage without an unlimited data plan? With everyone dumping so much information on the Internet, how can I resist rushing to catch up on it?”
Wanting to test whether she really needed the Internet so badly, Hsieh said she stopped going online on her phone for one month, forcing herself to go back to the days of reaching for her phone only when it rang, turning it on only when she had to contact someone, and waiting until she got home to respond to online messages.
When Hsieh stopped using the Internet, she got in the habit of putting books in her bag, talking to taxi drivers and chatting with the station master when waiting for a train. On weekends she lay down at the seaside, closed her eyes and listened to her friends hum songs and gossip, which enabled her to converse more clearly with her friends than all the messages that she was too busy to answer.
Hsieh reached the conclusion that we do not really need a lot, but we just get used to things and take them for granted. “If you try giving yourself back all that time, you will find that there are so many things you can do,” she said.
(Liberty Times, translated by Zane Kheir) 智慧型手機普及，看臉書、聊天、玩遊戲、滑手機，每天做這些事情正常不過，更有人成為重度使用者，你有想過有天沒有網路手機生活是如何嗎？
Women's body confidence has become a "critical issue" around the world and pressure from the media is largely to blame for our low self-esteem, a new report warns. 一項最新報告指出，女性對自身外形缺乏信心已成為全球性重要問題，來自媒體的壓力是主要原因。
The Dove Global Beauty and Confidence Report, given exclusively to The Huffington Post UK, has been created using interviews with 10,500 women and girls across 13 countries and is the largest the brand has ever commissioned. 由《赫芬頓郵報》英國版獨家披露的《多芬全球美麗自信研究報告》來源於對13個國家10500位婦女和女孩的採訪。這是該品牌委託進行的最大型的調研。It found that women in the UK have one of the lowest body confidence scores in the world, with only 20% of us saying we like the way that we look. 研究發現，英國女性的外形自信位列全球最低之一，僅20%的人表示喜歡自己的外貌。
Globally, more than two-thirds of women (69%) and girls (65%) say increasing pressures from advertising and media to reach an unrealistic standard of beauty is the key force in driving their appearance anxiety.從世界範圍看，超過三分之二的婦女（69%）和女孩（65%）表示，廣告和媒體宣傳的不切實際的美麗標準，給女性造成越來越大的壓力，是導致她們外貌焦慮的主要原因。 Meanwhile, 56% of all women recognise the impact of an "always on" social media culture in driving the pressure for perfection and negative body image. 同時，56%的女性意識到，"始終線上"的社交媒體文化迫使她們追求完美，並對負面的身體形象感到壓力。
The report reveals that low body-esteem is causing the majority of women (85%) and girls (79%) to opt out of important life activities – such as trying out for a team or club, and engaging with family or loved ones – when they don't feel good about the way they look. 報告顯示，對外形缺乏自信導致大部分婦女（85%）和女孩（79%）在不滿意自己的外貌時放棄生活中的重要活動——比如參與團隊或俱樂部活動，和家人或心愛的人在一起。Additionally, seven in 10 girls with low body-esteem say they won't be assertive in their opinion or stick to their decision if they aren't happy with the way they look, while nine out of 10 (87%) women will stop themselves from eating or will otherwise put their health at risk.此外，有七成對外形不自信的女孩說，如果她們不滿意自己的外貌，就無法肯定自己的觀點或堅持自己的決定。而近九成的婦女（87%）會為此節食，或進行其他危害健康的行為。 What's more, nearly eight in 10 (78%) of both women and girls feel some pressure to never make mistakes or show weakness.還有近八成（78%）的女性，包括婦女和女孩，感受到從不犯錯或示弱的壓力。
"This latest research shows that low body confidence is a global issue," says Dr Nancy Etcoff of Harvard Medical School.哈佛醫院學院的南茜•埃特考夫博士說："這項最新研究顯示，對外形缺乏自信是一個全球性問題。"
"Though troubling, these results are also unsurprising, given the increasing pressures women and girls face today. "考慮到當今婦女和女孩面臨的壓力持續增長，這些結果雖讓人不安，但也不足為奇。"
"We need to help empower women and girls in many ways, including increasing body-confidence education, driving meaningful conversations around the pressures women and girls face, and advocating for change in how females and their appearance are talked about and portrayed in the media." "我們需要以各種方式説明婦女和女孩獲得力量，包括開展增強外形自信的教育，圍繞她們面臨的壓力進行有意義的交流，並且宣導女性及其形象在媒體報導和呈現上的改變。"
The report found that beauty and appearance anxiety is a global issue, but one that women are experiencing differently by culture and country.該報告發現，美麗和外貌焦慮是一個全球性問題，但女性的體驗會因為身處不同國家和文化環境而不同。While women in South Africa are the most body confident with 64% saying they have "high body-esteem", women in the UK come in 12th out of 13 countries, with only 20% of us saying we feel good about the way we look. 南非女性對自身外形的自信程度最高，有64%的女性表示"對外形高度自信"。而英國女性在13個國家中排名第12位，只有20%表示滿意自己的外貌。
Percentage Of Women Who Feel Body Confident 對外形感到自信的女性比例：
1. South Africa: 64%
1. 南非：64%
2. Russia: 45%
2. 俄羅斯：45%
3. Turkey: 42%
3. 土耳其：42%
4. India: 40%
4. 印度：40%
5. China: 37%
5. 中國：37%
6. Mexico: 36%
6. 墨西哥：36%
7. Germany: 34%
7. 德國：34%
8. Brazil: 27%
8. 巴西：27%
9. US: 24%
9. 美國：24%
10. Canada: 22%
10. 加拿大：22%
11. Australia: 20%
11. 澳大利亞：20%
12. UK: 20%
12. 英國：20%
13. Japan: 8%
13. 日本：8%
But it's not all bad news for women and girls when it comes to body image. 但婦女和女性在身體形象方面也並非都是壞消息。 The report reveals there is a pro-active desire among females to challenge existing beauty norms.報告顯示，女性中存在一種主動挑戰現行美麗標準的渴望。 A total of 71% of women and 67% of girls want to call on the media to do a better job portraying women of diverse physical appearance, age, race, shape and size. 71%的婦女和67%的女孩希望呼籲媒體做出改善，更好地塑造不同外貌、年齡、種族、身材和體型的女性形象。 Additionally, while 60% of women believe they need to meet certain beauty standards, at the same time, 77% agree it is important to be their own person and not copy anyone else. 此外，儘管60%的婦女認為她們需要符合一定的美麗標準，而同時，77%的人同意堅持自我、不模仿他人是重要的。
For many women and girls, the key to breaking a cycle of beauty and appearance anxiety seems to be the experience of taking time to care for their minds, body and appearance. 對於許多婦女和女孩來說，打破美麗和外貌焦慮的關鍵，似乎在於花費時間關愛自己的心靈、身體和外貌。In fact, seven in 10 women and eight in 10 girls report feeling more confident or positive when they invest time in caring for themselves. 實際上，七成婦女和八成女孩報告稱在投入時間關懷自己時感到更自信、更積極。
All living flowers ultimately derive from a single ancestor that lived about 140 million years ago, a study suggests.一項研究表明，地球上現存的所有花卉都起源於1.4億年前的同一個"祖先"。
Scientists combined models of flower evolution with the largest data set of features from living flowers ever assembled. 科學家將花卉演化的模型與最大的現存鮮花的特徵資料集組合在一起。 From this the team was able to infer the appearance of the ancestral flower.該研究團隊據此推測出鮮花始祖的樣貌。The flower had many concentric cycles of petal-like organs in sets of three, arranged in whorls, and was bisexual.這種鮮花雌雄同體，花瓣以同心圓方式環繞成多層，每層三片，層層呈齒輪狀分佈。
Hervé Sauquet, from Université Paris-Sud, France, one of the authors of the paper published last week in Nature Communications said: "There is no living flower that looks exactly like the ancestral one. This is a flower that existed at least 140 million years ago and has had considerable time to evolve into the incredible diversity of flowers that exist today."《自然通訊》上周刊載了這篇論文。法國巴黎第十一大學的埃爾韋•索凱是論文的作者之一。他說，"現存的所有花朵都與它們的祖先不同，原因在於鮮花始祖存在于至少1.4億年前，經過了相當長的時間才演變出今天的多樣性。"
Dr Jason Hilton from the University of Birmingham, UK, who was not involved in the study, said: "The structure and organization of the ancestral flower has remained enigmatic. For instance, we don't know if the oldest flowers were unisexual or bisexual, or if they were pollinated by wind or insects." 英國伯明罕大學的傑森•希爾頓博士沒有參加這項研究，他稱："鮮花始祖的結構和組織依然還是個謎。例如，我們不知道最古老的花朵是單性的還是雙性的，或是依靠風還是昆蟲授粉。"
To reconstruct the appearance of the first flower, the scientists recorded the features - such as the petals and sepals - of the flowers from 792 living species. 為了重現世上第一朵鮮花的外觀，科學家記錄了792種現存花卉的花瓣、萼片等外形特徵。They mapped the distribution of these features on to the evolutionary tree of flowering plants enabling them to build a picture of what flowers looked like at key points in their history - including the last common ancestor of all living flowers. 他們將這些特徵分佈繪製成開花植物的進化樹，從而重現花卉在關鍵的進化節點上的樣貌，其中就包括所有現存花卉的最後一個共同祖先的樣子。
The first flower is reconstructed with petal-like structures arranged in a whorl, so each petal appears in the same plane, like a common lily (but with more whorls), rather than in a spiral, where petals overlap in a spiral arrangement around the stem, like a lotus. 第一朵鮮花被重構成齒輪狀排列的花瓣狀結構，像一朵常見的百合（但花瓣更多），所有花瓣出現在同一個平面裡，而非像蓮花一樣花瓣圍繞花莖重疊呈螺旋狀排列。
"For some of the features we studied, the result was surprising, especially the fact that organs (such as sepals and petals and the stamens) were probably arranged in whorls instead of spirals, as commonly assumed for the ancestral flower," said Hervé Sauquet. 埃爾韋•索凱說："關於鮮花始祖特徵的一些研究結果讓我們感到意外，特別是它的器官(如萼片、花瓣、雄蕊)可能是齒輪狀排列的，而並非是人們通常認為的螺旋狀"。
Sex evolution in flowers has been highly debated. Flowers can be unisexual or bisexual and this study infers a bisexual early flower with both male and female organs. 花的性進化一直備受爭議，鮮花可以是單性或雙性的。這項研究推斷花卉祖先是兩性的，同時擁有雄性和雌性器官。
"This study is important as it tells us how complicated the ancestral flower is likely to be - now the search is on to find it or something closely resembling it in the fossil record. That's if the model is correct - only time (and further study) will tell," said Jason Hilton. 傑森•希爾頓說。"這項研究意義重大，因為它告訴我們鮮花始祖可能有多複雜，現在研究者正努力在化石中搜尋它或此類東西。只有時間和進一步研究才能證明，這個鮮花始祖模型是否正確。"
